Add a USB based card reader, insert the SD card you want to work on:
Use the script:
https://github.com/KoljaWindeler/pi-clone
Afterwards you can access the cloned SD card to make more alterations.
#!/bin/bash
PGM=`basename $0`
RSYNC_OPTIONS="--force -rltWDEgopt"
#-r recursive
#-l copy symlinks as symlinks
#-t preserve modification time
#-W copy whole files
#-D
#-E preserve file executability
#-g preserve group
#-o preserve owner
#-p preerve permission
#-t preserver times
# List of extra dirs to create under /mnt.
OPTIONAL_MNT_DIRS=""
# Where to mount the disk filesystems to be rsynced.
DEST_ROOT_PATH=/mnt/clone
SRC_ROOT_PATH=/mnt/source
CLONE_LOG=/var/log/$PGM.log
HOSTNAME=`hostname`
# e.g. mmcblk0->p<-1, we dont need that in sdb-><-1 ...
PARTITION_SPACER="p"
# check if we are root
if [ `id -u` != 0 ]
then
echo -e "$PGM needs to be run as root.\n"
exit 1
fi
# check if we have rsync installed
if ! rsync --version > /dev/null
then
echo -e "\nOoops! $PGM needs the rsync program but cannot run it."
echo "Make sure rsync is installed:"
echo " $ sudo apt-get update"
echo -e " $ sudo apt-get install rsync\n"
exit 0
fi
if test -e /sbin/fsck.vfat
then
HAVE_FSCK_VFAT="yes"
else
echo "[Note] fsck.vfat was not found."
echo "It is recommended to install dosfstools:"
echo " $ sudo apt-get update"
echo " $ sudo apt-get install dosfstools"
fi
usage()
{
echo ""
echo "usage: $PGM sdN sdM {-f|--force-initialize} {-v|--verbose} {-y|--yes-to-all}"
echo " Example: $PGM sda"
echo " to clone the current running system from /dev/mmcblk0"
echo " Example: $PGM sda sdb "
echo " to restore the system from /dev/sda to /dev/sdb"
echo " -v - list all files as they are copied."
echo " -f - force initialize the destination partitions"
echo " -y - skip all questions"
echo ""
echo " $PGM can run in two ways"
echo " 1) $PGM sdN (without sdM) will cloning your current running system"
echo " to a SD card installed on sdN"
echo " 2) $PGM sdN sdM will clone the system on disk sdN to the disk sdM"
echo ""
echo " $PGM can clone the system to a new SD card or can"
echo " incrementally rsync to existing backup Raspberry/Banana Pi SD cards."
echo ""
echo " If the destination SD card has an existing $SRC_BOOT_PARTITION_TYPE partition 1 and a"
echo " $SRC_ROOT_PARTITION_TYPE partition 2, $PGM assumes (unless using the -f option)"
echo " that the SD card is an existing backup with the partitions"
echo " properly sized and set up for a Raspberry/Banana Pi. All that is needed"
echo " is to mount the partitions and rsync them to the source system."
echo ""
echo " If these partitions are not found (or -f), then $PGM will ask"
echo " if it is OK to initialize the destination SD card partitions."
echo " This is done by a partial 'dd' from the source device /dev/mmcblk0"
echo " or /dev/sdN to the destination SD card followed by a"
echo " fdisk resize and mkfs.ext4 of partition 2."
echo " This creates a completed $SRC_BOOT_PARTITION_TYPE partition 1 containing all boot"
echo " files and an empty but properly sized partition 2 rootfs."
echo " The SD card partitions are then mounted and rsynced to the"
echo " running system."
echo ""
echo " The SD card destination partitions will be mounted on $DEST_ROOT_PATH."
echo " A log will be written to $CLONE_LOG."
echo " Avoid running other disk writing programs when running $PGM."
echo ""
exit 0
}
VERBOSE=off
RESTORE_MODE=0
NO_REQUEST=false
while [ "$1" ]
do
case "$1" in
-v|--verbose)
VERBOSE=on
RSYNC_OPTIONS=${RSYNC_OPTIONS}v
;;
-f|--force-initialize)
FORCE_INITIALIZE=true
;;
-h|--help)
usage
;;
-y|--yes-to-all)
NO_REQUEST=true
;;
*)
if [ "$DST_DISK" != "" ]
then
if [ "$SRC_DISK" != "" ]
then
echo "Bad args"
usage
fi
SRC_DISK=$DST_DISK
RESTORE_MODE=1
PARTITION_SPACER=""
fi
DST_DISK=$1
;;
esac
shift
done
if [ "$SRC_DISK" = "" ]
then
SRC_DISK=mmcblk0
fi
SRC_BOOT_PARTITION_TYPE=`parted /dev/$SRC_DISK -ms p | grep "^1" | cut -f 5 -d:`
SRC_ROOT_PARTITION_TYPE=`parted /dev/$SRC_DISK -ms p | grep "^2" | cut -f 5 -d:`
if [ "$DST_DISK" = "" ]
then
usage
exit 0
fi
if ! cat /proc/partitions | grep -q $DST_DISK
then
echo "Destination disk '$DST_DISK' does not exist."
echo "Plug the destination SD card into a USB port."
echo "If it does not show up as '$DST_DISK', then do a"
echo -e "'cat /proc/partitions' to see where it might be.\n"
exit 0
fi
if [ "$RESTORE_MODE" = "1" ]
then
if ! cat /proc/partitions | grep -q $SRC_DISK
then
echo "Source disk '$SRC_DISK' does not exist."
echo "Plug the destination SD card into a USB port."
echo "If it does not show up as '$SRC_DISK', then do a"
echo -e "'cat /proc/partitions' to see where it might be.\n"
exit 0
fi
fi
unmount_or_abort()
{
echo -n "Do you want to unmount $1? (yes/no): "
if [ "$NO_REQUEST" = "true" ]
then
resp="y"
echo "yes"
else
read resp
fi
if [ "$resp" = "y" ] || [ "$resp" = "yes" ]
then
if ! umount $1
then
echo "Sorry, $PGM could not unmount $1."
echo -e "Aborting!\n"
exit 0
fi
else
echo -e "Aborting!\n"
exit 0
fi
}
DST_ROOT_PARTITION=/dev/${DST_DISK}2
DST_BOOT_PARTITION=/dev/${DST_DISK}1
SRC_ROOT_PARTITION=/dev/${SRC_DISK}${PARTITION_SPACER}2
SRC_BOOT_PARTITION=/dev/${SRC_DISK}${PARTITION_SPACER}1
# Check that none of the destination partitions are busy (mounted).
# src partitions can be mounted as we are just reading from them
#
DST_ROOT_CURMOUNT=`fgrep "$DST_ROOT_PARTITION " /etc/mtab | cut -f 2 -d ' ' `
DST_BOOT_CURMOUNT=`fgrep "$DST_BOOT_PARTITION " /etc/mtab | cut -f 2 -d ' ' `
if [ "$DST_ROOT_CURMOUNT" != "" ] || [ "$DST_BOOT_CURMOUNT" != "" ]
then
echo "A destination partition is busy (mounted). Mount status:"
echo " $DST_ROOT_PARTITION: $DST_ROOT_CURMOUNT"
echo " $DST_BOOT_PARTITION: $DST_BOOT_CURMOUNT"
if [ "$DST_BOOT_CURMOUNT" != "" ]
then
unmount_or_abort $DST_BOOT_CURMOUNT
fi
if [ "$DST_ROOT_CURMOUNT" != "" ]
then
unmount_or_abort $DST_ROOT_CURMOUNT
fi
fi
# check that no other drive is mounted on our mountpoint for destination
TEST_MOUNTED=`fgrep " $DEST_ROOT_PATH " /etc/mtab | cut -f 1 -d ' ' `
if [ "$TEST_MOUNTED" != "" ]
then
echo "This script uses $DEST_ROOT_PATH for mounting filesystems, but"
echo "$DEST_ROOT_PATH is already mounted with $TEST_MOUNTED."
unmount_or_abort $DEST_ROOT_PATH
fi
# check that no other drive is mounted on our mountpoint for source
if [ "$RESTORE_MODE" = "1" ]
then
TEST_MOUNTED=`fgrep " $SRC_ROOT_PATH/boot " /etc/mtab | cut -f 1 -d ' ' `
if [ "$TEST_MOUNTED" != "" ]
then
echo "This script uses $SRC_ROOT_PATH/boot for mounting filesystems, but"
echo "$SRC_ROOT_PATH/boot is already mounted with $TEST_MOUNTED."
unmount_or_abort $SRC_ROOT_PATH"/boot"
fi
TEST_MOUNTED=`fgrep " $SRC_ROOT_PATH " /etc/mtab | cut -f 1 -d ' ' `
if [ "$TEST_MOUNTED" != "" ]
then
echo "This script uses $SRC_ROOT_PATH for mounting filesystems, but"
echo "$SRC_ROOT_PATH is already mounted with $TEST_MOUNTED."
unmount_or_abort $SRC_ROOT_PATH
fi
fi
# check that /mnt is not mounted on another drive
if [ ! -d $DEST_ROOT_PATH ]
then
MNT_MOUNT=`fgrep " /mnt " /etc/mtab | cut -f 1 -d ' ' `
if [ "$MNT_MOUNT" != "" ]
then
echo "$MNT_MOUNT is currently mounted on /mnt."
unmount_or_abort /mnt
fi
mkdir $DEST_ROOT_PATH
fi
# ensure source mount dir is available
if [ "$RESTORE_MODE" = "1" ]
then
if [ ! -d $SRC_ROOT_PATH ]
then
mkdir $SRC_ROOT_PATH
fi
fi
# Borrowed from do_expand_rootfs in raspi-config
expand_rootfs()
{
# Get the starting offset of the root partition
PART_START=$(parted /dev/$SRC_DISK -ms unit s p | grep "^2" | cut -f 2 -d:)
[ "$PART_START" ] || return 1
# Return value will likely be error for fdisk as it fails to reload the
# partition table because the root fs is mounted
fdisk /dev/$DST_DISK > /dev/null <<EOF
p
d
2
n
p
2
$PART_START
p
w
q
EOF
}
# =========== Disk Setup and Checks ===========
#
# Check that destination partitions are the right type.
#
DST_BOOT_PARTITION_TYPE=`parted /dev/$DST_DISK -ms p \
| grep "^1" | cut -f 5 -d:`
DST_ROOT_PARTITION_TYPE=`parted /dev/$DST_DISK -ms p \
| grep "^2" | cut -f 5 -d:`
SRC_BOOT_PARTITION_SIZE=`parted /dev/$SRC_DISK -ms p \
| grep "^1" | cut -f 3 -d:`
DST_BOOT_PARTITION_SIZE=`parted /dev/$DST_DISK -ms p \
| grep "^1" | cut -f 3 -d:`
if [ "$DST_BOOT_PARTITION_TYPE" != "$SRC_BOOT_PARTITION_TYPE" ] || \
[ "$DST_ROOT_PARTITION_TYPE" != "$SRC_ROOT_PARTITION_TYPE" ] || \
[ "$SRC_BOOT_PARTITION_SIZE" != "$DST_BOOT_PARTITION_SIZE" ] || \
[ "$FORCE_INITIALIZE" = "true" ]
then
echo ""
if [ "$FORCE_INITIALIZE" = "true" ]
then
echo "*** Forcing a partition initialization of destination '$DST_DISK' ***"
fi
echo "The existing partitions on destination disk '$DST_DISK' are:"
# fdisk -l /dev/$DST_DISK | grep $DST_DISK
parted /dev/$DST_DISK unit MB p \
| sed "/^Model/d ; /^Sector/d"
if [ "$DST_BOOT_PARTITION_TYPE" != "$SRC_BOOT_PARTITION_TYPE" ]
then
echo " ... Cannot find a destination boot file system of type: $SRC_BOOT_PARTITION_TYPE"
echo ""
fi
if [ "$DST_ROOT_PARTITION_TYPE" != "$SRC_ROOT_PARTITION_TYPE" ]
then
echo " ... Cannot find a destination root file system of type: $SRC_ROOT_PARTITION_TYPE"
echo ""
fi
if [ "$SRC_BOOT_PARTITION_SIZE" != "$DST_BOOT_PARTITION_SIZE" ]
then
echo " ... The boot partitions have different sizes."
echo " Required $SRC_BOOT_PARTITION_SIZE vs $DST_BOOT_PARTITION_SIZE available on $DST_DISK"
echo ""
fi
echo "This script can initialize the destination disk with a partition"
echo "structure copied from the source filesytem and then resize"
echo "partition 2 (the root filesystem) to use all space on the SD card."
echo -n "Do you want to initialize the destination /dev/$DST_DISK? (yes/no): "
if [ "$NO_REQUEST" = "true" ]
then
resp="y"
echo "yes"
else
read resp
fi
if [ "$resp" = "y" ] || [ "$resp" = "yes" ]
then
# Image onto the destination disk a beginning fragment of the
# running SD card file structure that spans at least more than
# the start of partition 2.
#
# Calculate the start of partition 2 in MB for the dd.
PART2_START=$(parted /dev/$SRC_DISK -ms unit MB p | grep "^2" \
| cut -f 2 -d: | sed s/MB// | tr "," "." | cut -f 1 -d.)
# and add some slop
DD_COUNT=`expr $PART2_START + 8`
echo ""
echo "Imaging the partition structure, copying $DD_COUNT megabytes..."
sync
dd if=/dev/$SRC_DISK of=/dev/$DST_DISK bs=1M count=$DD_COUNT
# Partition was copied live so fsck to clean up for possible future
# "Volume was not properly unmounted" warnings.
if [ "$HAVE_FSCK_VFAT" = "yes" ]
then
echo "Running fsck on $DST_BOOT_PARTITION..."
fsck -p $DST_BOOT_PARTITION &> /dev/null
fi
# But, though Partion 1 is now imaged, partition 2 is incomplete and
# maybe the wrong size for the destination SD card. So fdisk it to
# make it fill the rest of the disk and mkfs it to clean it out.
#
echo "Sizing partition 2 (root partition) to use all SD card space..."
expand_rootfs
mkfs.ext4 $DST_ROOT_PARTITION > /dev/null
echo ""
echo "/dev/$DST_DISK is initialized and resized. Its partitions are:"
# fdisk -l /dev/$DST_DISK | grep $DST_DISK
parted /dev/$DST_DISK unit MB p \
| sed "/^Model/d ; /^Sector/d"
SRC_ROOT_VOL_NAME=`e2label /dev/${SRC_DISK}${PARTITION_SPACER}2`
echo ""
echo "Your booted /dev/${SRC_DISK}${PARTITION_SPACER}2 rootfs existing label: $SRC_ROOT_VOL_NAME"
echo -n "You may enter a label for the destination rootfs $DST_ROOT_PARTITION: "
if [ "$NO_REQUEST" = "true" ]
then
resp=""
echo "skipped"
else
read resp
fi
if [ "$resp" != "" ]
then
e2label $DST_ROOT_PARTITION $resp
fi
else
echo -e "Aborting\n"
exit 0
fi
fi
# =========== Setup Summary ===========
#
DST_ROOT_VOL_NAME=`e2label $DST_ROOT_PARTITION`
SRC_ROOT_VOL_NAME=`e2label $SRC_ROOT_PARTITION`
if [ "$DST_ROOT_VOL_NAME" = "" ]
then
DST_ROOT_VOL_NAME="no label"
fi
if [ "$SRC_ROOT_VOL_NAME" = "" ]
then
SRC_ROOT_VOL_NAME="no label"
fi
echo ""
if [ "$RESTORE_MODE" = "1" ]
then
echo "Restore mode : yes"
echo "Source disk : $SRC_DISK"
echo "Source bootfs : $SRC_BOOT_PARTITION on ${SRC_ROOT_PATH}/boot"
echo "Source rootfs : $SRC_ROOT_PARTITION ($SRC_ROOT_VOL_NAME) on ${SRC_ROOT_PATH}"
else
echo "Restore mode : no"
fi
echo "Clone destination disk : $DST_DISK"
echo "Clone destination bootfs : $DST_BOOT_PARTITION on ${DEST_ROOT_PATH}/boot"
echo "Clone destination rootfs : $DST_ROOT_PARTITION ($DST_ROOT_VOL_NAME) on ${DEST_ROOT_PATH}"
echo "Verbose mode : $VERBOSE"
echo "==============================="
# If this is an SD card initialization, can watch progress of the clone
# in another terminal with: watch df -h
#
echo -n "Final check, is it Ok to proceed with the clone (yes/no)?: "
if [ "$NO_REQUEST" = "true" ]
then
resp="y"
echo "yes"
else
read resp
fi
if [ "$resp" != "y" ] && [ "$resp" != "yes" ]
then
echo -e "Aborting the disk clone.\n"
exit 0
fi
#
# =========== End of Setup ===========
# mount the root filesystem if we are using the restore mode
if [ "$RESTORE_MODE" = "1" ]
then
echo "=> Mounting /dev/${SRC_DISK}${PARTITION_SPACER}2 ($SRC_ROOT_VOL_NAME) on ${SRC_ROOT_PATH}"
if ! mount /dev/${SRC_DISK}${PARTITION_SPACER}2 ${SRC_ROOT_PATH}
then
echo -e "Mount failure on ${SRC_ROOT_PATH}, aborting!\n"
exit 0
fi
fi
# ensure that the boot partition is mounted before running rsync
SRC_BOOT_PATH="/boot"
if [ "$RESTORE_MODE" = "1" ]
then
SRC_BOOT_PATH="${SRC_ROOT_PATH}/boot"
if [ ! -d ${BOOT_PATH} ]
then
mkdir ${BOOT_PATH}
fi
fi
BOOT_MOUNT=`fgrep " ${SRC_BOOT_PATH} " /etc/mtab | cut -f 1 -d ' ' `
if [ "$BOOT_MOUNT" = "" ]
then
echo "=> Mounting /dev/${SRC_DISK}${PARTITION_SPACER}1 on ${SRC_BOOT_PATH}"
if [ ! -d ${SRC_BOOT_PATH} ]
then
mkdir -p ${SRC_BOOT_PATH}
fi
if ! mount /dev/${SRC_DISK}${PARTITION_SPACER}1 ${SRC_BOOT_PATH}
then
echo -e "Mount failure on ${SRC_BOOT_PATH}, aborting!\n"
exit 0
fi
fi
# Mount destination filesystems.
echo "=> Mounting $DST_ROOT_PARTITION ($DST_ROOT_VOL_NAME) on $DEST_ROOT_PATH"
if ! mount $DST_ROOT_PARTITION $DEST_ROOT_PATH
then
echo -e "Mount failure of $DST_ROOT_PARTITION, aborting!\n"
exit 0
fi
if [ ! -d $DEST_ROOT_PATH/boot ]
then
mkdir -p $DEST_ROOT_PATH/boot
fi
echo "=> Mounting $DST_BOOT_PARTITION on $DEST_ROOT_PATH/boot"
if ! mount $DST_BOOT_PARTITION $DEST_ROOT_PATH/boot
then
umount $DEST_ROOT_PATH
echo -e "Mount failure of $DST_BOOT_PARTITION, aborting!\n"
exit 0
fi
echo "==============================="
START_TIME=`date '+%H:%M:%S'`
# Exclude fuse mountpoint .gvfs, various other mount points, and tmpfs
# file systems from the rsync.
#
sync
RSYNC_SRC_PATH="/"
if [ "$RESTORE_MODE" = "1" ]
then
RSYNC_SRC_PATH="${SRC_ROOT_PATH}/"
fi
echo "Starting the filesystem rsync ${RSYNC_SRC_PATH} to $DEST_ROOT_PATH"
echo -n "(This may take several minutes)..."
rsync $RSYNC_OPTIONS --delete \
--exclude '.gvfs' \
--exclude ${RSYNC_SRC_PATH}'dev' \
--exclude ${RSYNC_SRC_PATH}'media' \
--exclude ${RSYNC_SRC_PATH}'mnt' \
--exclude ${RSYNC_SRC_PATH}'proc' \
--exclude ${RSYNC_SRC_PATH}'run' \
--exclude ${RSYNC_SRC_PATH}'sys' \
--exclude ${RSYNC_SRC_PATH}'tmp' \
--exclude ${RSYNC_SRC_PATH}'lost\+found' \
$RSYNC_SRC_PATH \
$DEST_ROOT_PATH
# Fixup some stuff
#
for i in dev media mnt proc run sys
do
if [ ! -d $DEST_ROOT_PATH/$i ]
then
mkdir $DEST_ROOT_PATH/$i
fi
done
if [ ! -d $DEST_ROOT_PATH/tmp ]
then
mkdir $DEST_ROOT_PATH/tmp
chmod a+w $DEST_ROOT_PATH/tmp
fi
# Some extra optional dirs I create under /mnt
for i in $OPTIONAL_MNT_DIRS
do
if [ ! -d $DEST_ROOT_PATH/mnt/$i ]
then
mkdir $DEST_ROOT_PATH/mnt/$i
fi
done
#rm -f $DEST_ROOT_PATH/etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules
DATE=`date '+%F %H:%M'`
echo "$DATE $HOSTNAME $PGM : clone to $DST_DISK ($DST_ROOT_VOL_NAME)" \
>> $CLONE_LOG
echo "$DATE $HOSTNAME $PGM : clone to $DST_DISK ($DST_ROOT_VOL_NAME)" \
>> $DEST_ROOT_PATH/$CLONE_LOG
STOP_TIME=`date '+%H:%M:%S'`
echo ""
echo "*** Done with clone to /dev/$DST_DISK ***"
echo " Started: $START_TIME Finished: $STOP_TIME"
echo ""
# Pause before unmounting in case I want to inspect the clone results
# or need to custom modify any files on the destination SD clone.
# Eg. modify $DEST_ROOT_PATH/etc/hostname, $DEST_ROOT_PATH/etc/network/interfaces, etc
# if I'm cloning into a card to be installed on another Pi.
#
echo -n "Hit Enter when ready to unmount the used partitions..."
if [ "$NO_REQUEST" = "true" ]
then
echo "skipped"
else
read resp
fi
echo "unmounting $DEST_ROOT_PATH/boot"
umount $DEST_ROOT_PATH/boot
echo "unmounting $DEST_ROOT_PATH"
umount $DEST_ROOT_PATH
if [ "$RESTORE_MODE" = "1" ]
then
echo "unmounting $SRC_ROOT_PATH/boot"
umount $SRC_ROOT_PATH/boot
echo "unmounting $SRC_ROOT_PATH"
umount $SRC_ROOT_PATH
fi
echo "==============================="
exit 0
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